Maturation Ponds
Maturation ponds (low-cost polishing ponds), which generally follow either the primary or secondary facultative pond, are primarily designed for tertiary…
Water Treatments System
Objectives of Water Treatment The Water Treatments are to remove the different impurities present in the raw water, to render…
TYPES OF SEWERS
Need for Alternate Types of Sewers Installation of conventional sewerage system is not possible in many situations due to the…
Slow Sand Filter
Slow Sand media Water filter In the Water Treatment system as well as sewage treatment system Slow sand filter is…
SEWERS DESIGN CRITERIA
Depth of Flow The sewers are always designed for the partial flow conditions. The purpose of maintaining partial flow in…
SELECTION OF PIPE MATERIALS
The following factors should be considered in the selection of pipe materials for sewers: Technical factors Length of pipes: Individual…
CORROSION IN SEWERS
Causes for Crown Corrosion Bacteria in the slime under flowing sewage convert sulphates in the sewage into sulphides. Sulphides in…
RAIN FALL
The intensity of rainfall is the rate at which the rain is falling and it is expressed in cm/hr. For…
ESTIMATION OF SEWAGE FLOW AND STORM RUNOFF
SOURCES OF WASTEWATER The wastewater is generated from domestic, industrial and agricultural activities. From domestic sources the wastewaters are generated…
Types & Functions of Waste Stabilization Ponds
WSPs are of Two types; Single pond or Primary facultative pond and Multi-cell pond system. Single Pond or Primary Facultative…